Temple of Anahita \ معبد آناهیتا
معبد آناهيتا متعلق به آناهيتا، الهه پاكي و محلي براي نيايش آب بوده كه يكي از چهار عنصر مقدس و مورد احترام ايرانيان باستان است. اين معبدكه براي استفاده از آب رودخانه شاپور در 6 متري زمين قرار دارد، به صورت مكعبي است 14*14*14 متر ديوارهاي اين معبد از سنگ هاي بزرگي بنا شده اند كه بين سنگ هاي حجاري شده هيچ ملاتي وجود ندارد و اين سنگ ها توسط بست هاي آهني به هم متصل گرديده اند. آب رودخانه توسط جوي هاي سنگي آب را ميزان نموده و به طرز باشكوهي به آبگيري وسط معبد هدايت مي شده. نوع تقسيم آب و جريان آب درون معبد يكي از شگفتيهاي مهندسي در آن دوران مي باشد. تا اين منصر مقدس را به زيباترين شكل ممكن به نمايش بگذارند.
در چهار طرف معبد دالان هايي تعبيه گرديده است كه در كف اين دالان ها جوي هاي آب به صورت رفت و برگشت آب را به وسط معبد هدايت مي كرده. در وسط معبد فضايي وجود دارد كه آب از اين جوي ها در آن جمع شده و استخر كوچكي حدوداً در ابعاد 10*10 و عمق 20 سانتي متر را پر آب مي كرده. در دو طرف بالاي معبد آناهيتا سر چهار گاو در هر طرف به صورت رو به روي يكديگر قرار دارد كه در زمان آبگيري اين معبد عكس سر گاوها بر روي آب نقش مي بسته است.
city of Bishapour
The ruins of the historical city of Bishapour are found on the slope of Koohmareh heights, 23 Kilometers west of the city of Kazeroon. Bishapour was built on the side of the ancient Imperial Road which was once one of the country's most strategic roads.
During the Achaemenian period, the Imperial Road connected Takht-e-Jamshid and Estakhr to the ancient city of Shush. During the Sassanid period this road connected Firoozabad and Bishapour cities to Tisfoon, which was the then capital of the Sassanid dynasty.
In addition to enjoying military and strategic significance, this road was also an important trade route. The city was later called Antiuk Shapour, meaning more beautiful than Antakieh, in Asia Minor, and this was due to its location in the beautiful Shapour plain, in the green and narcissus- filled Karen plain with the Cheshmeh Sasan River crossing it. In addition to all these natural features, the city's architecture borrowed designs and motifs from other civilizations of that era. Bishapour easily competed with the most beautiful and richest cities of the then civilized world like Antakieh (Antioch), the bride of all cities in Byzantium.
The people came to tour Bishapour from different corners of the country. The city planning and architectural patterns in Bishapour, which were some of the most wonderful architectural phenomena of the time, remained unknown till the present time. There is no evidence to point our to any fundamental changes in city planning during the Partian period prior to the construction of Bishapour. The Darab Gard and Ardeshir Khoreh had been built on the basis of the Parthians traditional architecture. However, a prevalent cultural movement in then Bishapour concentrated on the revival and maintenance of the National Persian traditions which had deep roots in that land.
Archaeological documents and scientific research, plus the works discovered in this city, all speak of the same reality and we can observe how the city planning changed on the basis of political initiatives, new governments were established, the economy flourished and a firm social order emerged, since during those days the city was the center of the ruling party where state directives and decrees were issued.
Such cities were by no means mere residential areas. The design of the city is not circular. Streets and roads cross each other in the center. These streets and parks and other recreational centers, lush areas, and special complexes produced a beautiful checkered design which contributed to the residents tranquility.
The state buildings were constructed in the center of the old castle, north of the city, which was the best choice for this purpose. Each building in this complex had its own specifications and peculiarities. Here unlike the Partian era, the facade did not manifest the glory of the building and instead large halls with vaults and a variety of colorful and ornamented designs plus brick tiles on the floor, which were unprecedented up to that date, had been adopted from the capital of Byzantium in the Antakieh style of architecture. Application of stucco and colorful paintings inside the vaults and under the ceilings all spoke of a new design in Bishapour.
Due to incomplete excavation, there is no completed knowledge about the city structure, however studies of the monuments discovered so far like the city castle tower and rampart, reception halls, porches carpeted with brick tiles in the eastern and western sides of the hall, as well as the buildings, in the unique Anahita temple, all indicate that at the beginning, the Sassanid culture and civilization had been affected by its past and pursued the art work of the Achaemenian period. Though the Sassanids failed to reach and enjoy high levels of technical expertise in city planning, in stonework however, especially in producing embossed three-dimensional shapes, they could well compete against their predecessor, Achaemenids, and adopted their style.
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